Phonetics & Phonology
What is the difference between phonetics and phonology? :: Phonetics studies speech sounds, and is not related to any language, while phonology studies the sound system of a particular language
What is the difference between phonemic and phonetic transcription? :: Phonemic transcription is broad (the intended phonemes of the general language), and phonetic is narrow (more detail on how the actual sounds are pronounced)
What are the prosodic features? :: The prosodic features (aka suprasegmental features) are stress, pitch, intonation, tempo and volume. They are phonological properties that relate to the pronunciation of syllables, words and phrases - not simply phonemes.
What is a complement? :: A word (or words) needed to complete the meaning of an expression, e.g. Algebra is difficult. Practice makes algebra easy.